Assessing water use and reuse options - a holistic analysis of a Model City, coupling dynamic system modelling with Life Cycle Assessment

A dynamic model, fed with time-variant inputs, of the entire water urban system, coupled Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Costing (LCC), was developed applied to perform balance analysis assess environmental economic aspects reuse. Six scenarios using different sources potable water, rainwater, greywater, treated wastewater were compared for a future Model City under typical Israeli conditions. The integrated simulation-LCA-LCC approach considers demands several resources their availability, contains feedback loops in can be any case study. Finally, combined embedded into an optimisation framework. Results indicate that greywater or non-potable uses most economical scenarios. Business-as-usual scenario, where all functions use displays largest negative impacts categories alternative sources.